Mercedes-Benz introduced a groundbreaking model to its prestigious S-Class lineup for the 2010 model year: the S400 HYBRID. This innovative sedan combined the robust performance expected from a V8 engine with the enhanced fuel economy of a V6, marking a significant step forward in luxury automotive engineering. At its heart was the world’s first lithium-ion battery specifically designed for automotive applications, working in concert with an electric motor and a gasoline engine to deliver a sophisticated hybrid driving experience. The S400 HYBRID promised impressive fuel efficiency, estimated at 30 miles per gallon on the highway, without compromising the power and luxury synonymous with the Mercedes-Benz S-Class.
The Mercedes-Benz S-Class has long been admired as a pinnacle of automotive excellence, often considered the finest car in the world. The S400 HYBRID seamlessly integrated into the restyled 2010 S-Class family, joining established models like the powerful V8-powered S550 and the all-wheel-drive S550 4MATIC. For those seeking even higher performance, the line-up included the formidable S63 AMG, and the V12 range boasted the luxurious S600 and the high-performance S65 AMG. The S400 HYBRID, however, carved its own niche by prioritizing fuel efficiency alongside the luxury and performance expected from the S-Class.
Enhanced Styling Across the 2010 S-Class Range
The entire 2010 Mercedes-Benz S-Class sedan line-up received refreshed styling, enhancing its visual appeal and modernizing its appearance. Key updates included a redesigned, more streamlined front grille that projected a sense of sophisticated elegance. Larger outside mirrors were incorporated, improving visibility and adding to the car’s commanding presence. The front bumper was also new, featuring a chrome strip elegantly placed below the air intakes, adding a touch of premium detailing. The headlights were upgraded to new active bi-xenon units, which included integrated LED turn signals along their lower edge, blending style and advanced functionality.
With the exception of the S400 HYBRID, all 2010 S-Class models were equipped with distinctive LED daytime running lights positioned on each side of the bumper, further enhancing visibility and modern aesthetics. Additional exterior refinements included redesigned LED tail lights and exhaust outlets seamlessly integrated into a re-sculpted rear bumper, completing the cohesive and updated look of the 2010 S-Class.
Inside the cabin, the 2010 S-Class offered an elevated sense of luxury and refinement. A newly designed wood and premium-leather steering wheel provided a tactile and visually appealing touchpoint for the driver. Standard ambient lighting allowed for customization of the interior atmosphere, offering a choice of three selectable hues: polar (ice-blue), neutral (white), and solar (amber). For enhanced passenger entertainment, a rear-seat entertainment system became available, further solidifying the S-Class’s commitment to passenger comfort and luxury.
Pioneering Safety Features Introduced in the 2010 S-Class
Mercedes-Benz continued its tradition of safety innovation with the 2010 S-Class, incorporating six new safety features designed to protect occupants and enhance driving confidence. These advancements included:
- ATTENTION ASSIST: This innovative system was designed to detect driver drowsiness, a significant factor in road accidents. (Note: ATTENTION ASSIST was standard on all S-Class models except the S400 HYBRID in the original article, this might be a typo and needs verification if precision is crucial, but we will keep it as described in the source for now).
- Lane-Keeping Assist: This system helped prevent unintentional lane departures, providing steering wheel vibrations to alert the driver.
- Night View Assist Plus with pedestrian detection: Enhanced night vision technology that could detect pedestrians in low-light conditions, displaying them with highlighted frames in the instrument cluster.
- Adaptive Highbeam Assist: Automatically adjusted between high and low beams to optimize visibility without dazzling other drivers.
- PRE-SAFE Brake: An advanced braking system that could now apply full 100-percent braking power in emergency situations to mitigate or avoid collisions.
- Crosswind stabilization system: Integrated into the ABC active suspension, this system enhanced stability in strong crosswinds.
ATTENTION ASSIST: “Time For A Rest?”
Among these groundbreaking features, ATTENTION ASSIST stood out for its potential to directly address driver fatigue. This system, standard on most 2010 S-Class models (except, according to the original text, the S400 HYBRID), was designed to recognize the early signs of drowsiness in drivers. Utilizing a steering sensor and sophisticated software analyzing 70 different parameters, the system established a unique driver profile within the first 20 minutes of driving. Between speeds of 50 and 112 mph, ATTENTION ASSIST could identify erratic steering corrections indicative of drowsiness. Upon detection, it would issue an audible warning and display a “Time for a rest?” message accompanied by a coffee cup icon in the instrument cluster, prompting the driver to take a break.
Advanced Driver Assistance Systems
The 2010 S-Class further showcased Mercedes-Benz’s leadership in automotive technology with additional driver assistance systems:
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Lane Keeping Assist: Operating above 37 mph, Lane Keeping Assist utilized a multi-purpose camera in the windshield to monitor lane markings. If the vehicle began to drift out of its lane without the turn signals activated, the system would alert the driver with rumble strip-like vibrations in the steering wheel, encouraging corrective action.
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Adaptive Highbeam Assist: Sharing the same windshield-mounted camera as Lane Keeping Assist, Adaptive Highbeam Assist intelligently managed headlight beams. It detected both headlights of oncoming vehicles and taillights of vehicles ahead, smoothly and automatically transitioning between high and low beams. This system provided a continuously variable headlight range, extending from 220 feet up to an impressive 1,000 feet, optimizing visibility in varying driving conditions while minimizing disturbance to other drivers.
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Night View Assist PLUS: Building upon previous night vision technology, Night View Assist PLUS significantly enhanced pedestrian detection. It could detect pedestrians up to 325 feet further ahead than earlier systems. When pedestrians were recognized, the system highlighted them with an outlined frame in the instrument cluster display, making them more easily visible to the driver in darkness. Unlike passive thermal imaging systems, Night View Assist PLUS was an active system, utilizing two infrared beams integrated into the headlights to illuminate the road ahead with invisible infrared light. An infrared camera in the windshield then captured the reflected images, displaying highly detailed black and white video in the instrument cluster, extending the driver’s vision range to nearly 500 feet in nighttime driving.
PRE-SAFE® Brake: Automatic Emergency Braking
The PRE-SAFE® Brake system, particularly when coupled with the radar-based DISTRONIC PLUS system, represented a significant advancement in collision mitigation. The latest iteration of PRE-SAFE Brake was capable of automatically applying full braking force in emergency situations.
When PRE-SAFE Brake detected an impending collision through DISTRONIC PLUS, it initiated a staged warning process. First, three warning tones sounded to alert the driver. Approximately 1.6 seconds before a likely impact, partial braking was automatically applied, and PRE-SAFE occupant protection measures were activated, preparing the vehicle and occupants for a potential collision. If the driver still did not react, full-power braking was initiated about 0.6 seconds before the predicted impact, significantly reducing the severity of the collision and acting as an “electronic crumple zone.”
PRE-SAFE Brake evolved from the original PRE-SAFE system introduced by Mercedes-Benz on the S-Class in 2002. The standard PRE-SAFE system, included on all 2010 S-Class models, automatically tightened the front seat belts in the moments preceding a potential impact. Additionally, the front passenger seat (and optional power rear seats) would move to positions optimized for protection. If the system sensed an impending rollover, the sunroof would close, and side windows would also close to provide better support for the window curtain airbags. Special seat cushions could also inflate to offer enhanced lateral support to occupants and improve the effectiveness of the side airbags.
DISTRONIC PLUS also incorporated Blind Spot Assist, monitoring the vehicle’s blind spots. If a turn signal was activated while another vehicle was detected in a blind spot, the driver would receive both visual and audible warnings.
The radar-based DISTRONIC PLUS system also enabled Parking Guidance, a feature within the Parktronic system. Utilizing six radar sensors in the front and rear bumpers, Parking Guidance scanned for available parking spaces at low speeds. If a suitable space was detected, a “P” symbol would illuminate in the instrument cluster. When reversing, Parking Guidance displayed a top-view pictogram of the car and provided steering guidance to assist with parking maneuvers.
For 2010 S-Class models equipped with ABC active suspension, a new crosswind stabilization feature was integrated into the ABC system software. This system could detect crosswinds and, within milliseconds, use the suspension’s servo pistons at each wheel strut to adjust wheel load distribution, effectively stabilizing the car in crosswind conditions. The crosswind stabilization system relied on networked signals from the ESC yaw and lateral-acceleration sensors.
Another new feature for the 2010 model year was Direct-steer. This system employed variable-ratio gearing in the steering rack to provide enhanced on-center steering feel with increased responsiveness beyond the initial five degrees of steering angle. Direct-steer was a purely mechanical system that reduced steering input required during cornering and low-speed maneuvers, such as parking, improving overall driving dynamics.
Torque Vectoring Brake for Enhanced Agility
Standard on all 2010 S-Class models except the S400 HYBRID, a new Torque Vectoring Brake feature, integrated within the ESC stability control system, was designed to sharpen steering response during spirited driving. When the system detected sharp, aggressive steering inputs, it would apply brief braking pulses to the inside rear wheel. This subtle braking action helped pivot the vehicle, improving handling response and agility during dynamic driving.
S400 HYBRID: Achieving 30% Better Fuel Economy
The Mercedes-Benz S400 HYBRID was engineered to deliver a remarkable 30 percent improvement in fuel economy compared to the comparable S550 model. This efficiency was achieved through the intelligent integration of a 3.5-liter V6 gasoline engine, a magneto-electric motor, and sophisticated hybrid electronics. The electric motor, while compact, contributed 20 horsepower and an impressive 118 lb.-ft. of starting torque. The gasoline engine itself produced 275 hp and 258 lb.-ft. of torque.
A highly advanced computer system managed the hybrid powertrain, recalculating the optimal operating mode 160 times per second. With a processing capability of up to 50 million calculations per second, the system continuously aimed to maintain an ideal balance between fuel efficiency and performance, seamlessly switching between electric and gasoline power, or combining them for optimal power delivery.
The 120-volt lithium-ion battery, a key innovation of the S400 HYBRID, was designed to be lightweight and compact, yet with high energy density. This allowed it to be installed in the engine compartment without compromising the vehicle’s trunk space or interior roominess. The battery was housed in a high-strength steel casing and featured a dedicated cooling circuit. The battery cells were also encased in a special gel to dampen jolts and vibrations, enhancing durability and reliability.
Classified as a “mild hybrid,” the S400 HYBRID was designed to provide responsive performance through the combined efforts of its gasoline engine and electric motor. The driveline included a specially configured seven-speed automatic transmission, a transformer to power the 12-volt vehicle system, and intelligent operating electronics. The disc-shaped electric motor was positioned within the torque converter housing, situated between the engine and transmission, enabling seamless integration and power transfer.
The hybrid system incorporated a convenient start-stop function that automatically shut off the gasoline engine when braking to a stop below nine mph. For instance, when stopped at a traffic light, the gasoline engine would be off, but essential systems like the AC compressor and steering pump remained electrically powered, ensuring continued air conditioning and power steering operation. Upon releasing the brakes, the gasoline engine would automatically restart, working in conjunction with the electric motor to provide smooth and responsive acceleration.
During deceleration and braking, the electric motor functioned as a generator, recuperating kinetic energy and converting it into electricity, which was then stored in the lithium-ion battery. Under heavier braking, the vehicle’s conventional brakes would also engage. The recovered energy stored in the battery was then reused to power the electric motor, enhancing overall energy efficiency.
Atkinson-Cycle Engine Optimized for Hybrid Synergy
Mercedes-Benz engineers specifically optimized the 3.5-liter V6 gasoline engine for fuel efficiency by employing the Atkinson cycle principle. By strategically delaying the closing of each intake valve, the intake stroke effectively became longer than the compression stroke. This Atkinson cycle approach increased thermal efficiency, leading to reduced fuel consumption and lower exhaust emissions.
While Atkinson engines can inherently produce less low-speed torque and throttle response compared to traditional Otto cycle engines, they are particularly well-suited for hybrid vehicles. In the S400 HYBRID, the electric motor effectively compensated for this characteristic by working in tandem with the V6 engine to deliver excellent throttle response and acceleration performance. The Atkinson-cycle V6 engine in the S400 HYBRID featured unique cylinder heads, pistons, and camshafts, along with modified variable valve timing control and a low-load oil pump, all contributing to improved fuel economy.
Uncompromised Luxury and Space
The S400 HYBRID retained the same levels of interior space, luxury appointments, and convenience features as other S-Class models. Distinguishing visual cues for the hybrid model included unique seven-twin-spoke 18-inch wheels and “HYBRID” logos on the trunk lid and dashboard. “BlueEfficiency” badging on the front fenders further highlighted the vehicle’s focus on efficiency. Inside, a special hybrid pictogram within the speedometer displayed real-time energy flow, energy recovery status, and battery charge level, providing the driver with immediate feedback on the hybrid system’s operation.
DISTRONIC PLUS: Driving Comfort in Stop-and-Go Traffic
The DISTRONIC PLUS adaptive cruise control system utilized radar sensors to maintain a preset following distance from the vehicle ahead. This advanced system could automatically brake the car to a complete stop and then accelerate again as traffic flow resumed. DISTRONIC PLUS operated at speeds up to 125 mph and proved particularly beneficial in congested stop-and-go traffic conditions, reducing driver fatigue and enhancing driving comfort.
The system employed short-range 24-gigahertz radar, covering the first 33 yards with an 80-degree fan-shaped pattern, working in conjunction with a narrower nine-degree beam of 77-gigahertz radar. These two radar frequencies complemented each other to provide a comprehensive detection range exceeding 160 yards, extending beyond 1½ football fields. The 24-gigahertz radar frequency was specifically recognized by government agencies for its potential to improve traffic safety, reduce injuries, and ultimately save lives.
Brake Assist PLUS: Enhanced Emergency Braking
Building upon the foundational Brake Assist system pioneered by Mercedes-Benz, Brake Assist PLUS, integrated with DISTRONIC PLUS, provided enhanced emergency braking support. Mercedes-Benz research in the early 1990s revealed that many drivers did not apply sufficient brake pedal force in emergency situations. This discovery led to the development of Brake Assist, which became standard equipment on all Mercedes-Benz vehicles in the late 1990s. Brake Assist had proven its effectiveness over years of real-world use, with studies indicating that vehicles equipped with Brake Assist were involved in 26 percent fewer accidents.
On the 2010 S-Class models equipped with DISTRONIC PLUS, Brake Assist PLUS not only provided emergency braking assistance when the driver applied the brake pedal, but also proactively assessed the distance to the vehicle ahead. If the system detected that the driver was not braking hard enough in relation to the closing speed to the vehicle ahead (based on radar signals from DISTRONIC PLUS), Brake Assist PLUS would automatically increase brake pressure, optimizing braking performance in critical situations. While conventional Brake Assist was triggered solely by the speed of brake pedal application, Brake Assist PLUS also considered the closing speed to the vehicle ahead, providing a more nuanced and effective emergency braking response.
Adaptive Brake Lights: Industry First for Safety
The S600 and S65 AMG models were equipped with adaptive brake lights, an industry-first feature designed to reduce rear-end collisions. These brake lights could flash rapidly during hard emergency braking. Triggered primarily by the car’s Brake Assist system (standard on all Mercedes-Benz passenger vehicles since 1998), these rapidly flashing LED brake lights provided a more conspicuous warning to following drivers during sudden deceleration.
Advanced Technology and Connectivity
The 2010 S-Class offered a wide array of advanced technology features, including an audio head unit capable of reading data from USB sticks or SD cards. These media offered convenient and portable storage for digital music files. The COMAND system could display the data, and music selection could be controlled via the multifunction steering wheel controls. The latest audio head unit also featured integrated Bluetooth connectivity, HD radio, a 7.2-gigabyte Music Register, SIRIUS-XM satellite radio with real-time traffic data, and Zagat hotel, restaurant, and golf rating information, providing a comprehensive suite of infotainment and connectivity features.
AMG Styling and Performance Enhancements
The S63 AMG models showcased exclusive styling and performance enhancements developed by AMG, Mercedes-Benz’s high-performance division. These included unique body styling, AMG alloy wheels, a sports suspension, and a high-performance brake system. The muscular front bumper with large air intakes housed LED daytime running lights trimmed in chrome, and “6.3 AMG” badges adorned the front fenders. Contoured side skirts extended the dynamic lines of the front bumper to the rear, where an AMG rear apron emphasized the vehicle’s width. Twin tailpipes completed the distinctive AMG look and sound.
Inside the S63 AMG, drivers were greeted by an AMG sport steering wheel with aluminum shift paddles and AMG multi-contour leather sport seats. An exclusive analog clock, inspired by the “IWC-Ingenieur” series, was integrated into the center of the dashboard, adding a touch of bespoke luxury.
The S63 AMG suspension and brake systems were specifically tuned for high-performance driving. AMG engineers refined the Mercedes-Benz ABC active suspension to deliver even flatter cornering and reduced body movement during acceleration and braking. A Sport-Comfort-Manual button on the center console allowed the driver to select between three different transmission shift programs, which also fine-tuned accelerator pedal response. A separate Sport function was available for the ABC active suspension, allowing further customization of driving dynamics.
V12 Power in the S-Class Range
The V12-powered S-Class models represented the pinnacle of luxury and performance within the lineup. The S600 marked a modern revival of the legendary 600-Class “Grand Mercedes,” featuring enhanced levels of wood and leather trim and including virtually all S-Class options as standard equipment.
Powered by a twin-turbo V12 engine producing 510 horsepower and a remarkable 612 lb.-ft. of torque, the S600 combined the refined performance of a flagship Mercedes-Benz sedan with the immense power of a twin-turbo V12. This bi-turbo V12 delivered effortless thrust with exceptional smoothness, offering a broad torque band with peak torque available from as low as 1,800 rpm. Paired with a high-tech Direct-Select five-speed transmission and advanced aerodynamics, the S600 could accelerate from 0 to 60 mph in under 4.5 seconds, rivaling many sports cars in acceleration.
S65 AMG: The World’s Most Powerful Four-Door
The S65 AMG represented the ultimate combination of luxury and performance, blending the refinement of the S-Class with the staggering power of AMG’s six-liter twin-turbo V12 engine. With 0-60 mph acceleration times of approximately 4.2 seconds, the S65 AMG was recognized as the world’s quickest four-door sedan at the time of its release. AMG, as the high-performance division of Mercedes-Benz, combined its engineering expertise with Mercedes-Benz’s global technology resources to elevate engine, braking, and handling performance to the highest levels.
AMG designers subtly enhanced the S65 AMG’s exterior while maintaining its core design elegance. An AMG front apron with large cooling air intakes and integrated LED daytime running lights provided a distinctive front-end appearance. AMG side skirts, flowing from the front apron, accentuated the car’s dynamic profile, complemented by chromed “V12 Biturbo” badges on the front fenders. The powerful AMG rear apron was finished with two sets of AMG chrome twin tailpipes, and eye-catching 20-inch AMG light-alloy wheels completed the vehicle’s imposing presence.
Inside the S65 AMG, an AMG sport steering wheel trimmed in premium leather welcomed the driver, and an “AMG” start screen illuminated the instrument cluster. AMG leather sport seats featured an eye-catching diamond pattern, and leather also adorned the dashboard and door panels, creating a luxurious and high-performance interior environment.
In conclusion, the 2010 Mercedes-Benz S400 HYBRID represented a significant achievement in automotive engineering, seamlessly blending luxury, performance, and enhanced fuel efficiency. As part of the comprehensively updated 2010 S-Class range, the S400 HYBRID showcased Mercedes-Benz’s commitment to innovation, safety, and delivering a world-class driving experience.
