In the annals of automotive history, the Mercedes-Benz W 111 series stands as a beacon of innovation and style. Introduced in August 1959, this range of vehicles wasn’t merely a successor to previous models; it was a bold statement, proclaiming itself as “A Class Of Its Own.” Comprising the 220 b, 220 Sb, and 220 SEb, the W 111, as it was internally designated, differentiated itself primarily through engine variations, while sharing a revolutionary body design that would define a generation.
The W 111 series is best recognized for its distinctive “fintail” design, a stylistic cue heavily influenced by American automotive trends of the era. These subtle tailfins, while a nod to fashion, became the defining feature that would later lend its name to an entire generation of Mercedes-Benz vehicles – the “fintail” or “Heckflosse” models. However, beyond mere aesthetics, the Mercedes Benz W 111 was groundbreaking in its approach to passenger safety, setting new industry benchmarks.
Setting New Safety Standards with the Mercedes Benz W 111
The Mercedes Benz W 111 was a pioneer in integrating passive safety technologies. It was the first production car to embody the Barényi patent, featuring a robust passenger cell surrounded by crumple zones at the front and rear. This innovative design philosophy prioritized occupant protection in the event of a collision.
Safety considerations extended to the interior as well. The dashboard was meticulously designed with comprehensive padding, incorporating flexible and partially recessed instruments. The steering wheel featured a cushioned center, and newly developed door locks further enhanced occupant security. These features underscored Mercedes-Benz’s commitment to safety, making the W 111 a leader in passenger protection during its time.
Distinguishing the Mercedes Benz W 111 Models: 220 b, 220 Sb, and 220 SEb
While internally unified as the W 111 series, the external appearance of the 220 b, 220 Sb, and 220 SEb models presented subtle yet distinct differences. The 220 Sb and 220 SEb shared an identical body, differentiated from the base 220 b through additional chrome embellishments. These included chrome trims flanking the radiator grille, a bright air intake grille at the base of the windshield, and chrome wheel covers.
The rear of these models showcased more pronounced variations. The “S” models (220 Sb and 220 SEb) featured a chrome strip above the rear window, a decorative chrome trim on the boot lid edge, larger taillights with integrated license plate illumination, and additional quarter bumpers positioned between the taillights and the rear bumper. Furthermore, the tailfins on these models were accentuated with chrome trims along their upper edges and rear ends, adding to their distinguished appearance.
Engine and Performance Evolution in the W 111 Series
The engine architecture of the Mercedes Benz W 111 series was rooted in its predecessors, yet refined for enhanced performance. All three variants were equipped with a redesigned valve train and a more aggressive camshaft profile. The 220 b variant now featured two carburetors, while the fuel-injected engine of the 220 SEb benefited from straight intake pipes.
These engine modifications resulted in a modest but noticeable power increase of 4 and 5 horsepower respectively, improving the driving dynamics of the W 111 models. These changes highlighted Mercedes-Benz’s focus on incremental yet impactful improvements in engine technology.
Chassis, Suspension, and Braking System Refinements
The chassis and braking systems of the Mercedes Benz W 111 were largely carried over from previous models but incorporated significant enhancements, particularly in wheel suspension. The sub-frame concept, a feature since the “ponton” era, was retained but redesigned with a simpler transverse bar and elastic frame floor linkages.
The well-proven single-joint swing axle was updated with a horizontally placed compensating spring above the pivot point, ensuring balanced axle load distribution. Shock absorbers were strategically positioned closer to the wheels, enhancing vibration damping and improving accessibility for maintenance. Further advancements came in braking technology, with front disc brakes introduced first on the 220 Sb and 220 SEb in April 1962, and subsequently on the 220 b, which also received a power brake as standard. A significant safety upgrade was the introduction of a dual-circuit brake system across all models, providing enhanced braking reliability even in the event of a circuit failure.
Transmission Innovations: Hydrak and Automatic Options
The Mercedes Benz W 111 series initially offered the “Hydrak” hydraulic automatic clutch, a carryover from previous models, until early 1962. A major advancement was the introduction of a fully automatic transmission, a Daimler-Benz in-house development, initially available for the 220 SEb from April 1961. By August 1962, this automatic transmission became an option for the 220 b and 220 Sb as well.
Unlike the Borg-Warner torque converter transmissions used in some earlier and contemporary models, Daimler-Benz’s design utilized a hydraulic clutch, minimizing power loss. The 4-speed planetary gearbox featured two planetary gearsets, three multi-disc clutches, and three band brakes, representing a sophisticated approach to automatic transmission technology at the time.
The Luxurious Mercedes Benz 300 SE (W 112)
In August 1961, Mercedes-Benz expanded the W 111 family with the introduction of the 300 SE (internally designated W 112). This top-tier model closely resembled the 220 SEb in appearance and underlying engineering but came laden with premium features as standard. These included the 4-speed automatic transmission, power steering, and, notably, air suspension – a first for Mercedes-Benz, offering an unparalleled blend of sporty handling and ride comfort.
The 300 SE also boasted further advancements in braking, being the first standard production Mercedes-Benz equipped with a dual-circuit brake system and disc brakes on all four wheels. Its 3-liter injection engine, derived from the 300 d, now featured a lighter alloy block, reducing weight by approximately 40 kg. Performance was further enhanced in January 1964 with increased compression and a larger Bosch injection pump, boosting output from 160 to 170 hp. Visually, the 300 SE was adorned with more extensive chrome trim, including a distinctive strip running along the side ribbing, wheel arch trims, and a broad chrome strip below the doors.
Expanding Luxury: The Long-Wheelbase 300 SE
Further emphasizing luxury and passenger comfort, Mercedes-Benz unveiled a long-wheelbase version of the 300 SE at the Geneva Motor Show in March 1963. Extending the wheelbase by 100 mm, this variant prioritized rear passenger space, offering increased legroom and improved accessibility through wider rear doors. An optional electrically operated partition window further enhanced rear passenger privacy and exclusivity.
The long-wheelbase 300 SE was easily identifiable by the absence of a decorative screen in the C-pillar, a functional change due to a modified exhaust ventilation system. Both the standard and long-wheelbase 300 SE versions became available with a 4-speed manual transmission as an option, offering a price reduction for those preferring manual control.
Legacy and Production of the Mercedes Benz W 111
Production of the 2.2-liter and 3-liter “fintail” models concluded in July/August 1965. The 220 Sb, 220 SEb, and 300 SE were succeeded by the 250 S, 250 SE, and 300 SE of a new model generation. The 220 b was replaced by the 230 S, which, while designated as new, was largely an upgraded 220 Sb with a more powerful 2.3-liter engine and hydro-pneumatic self-leveling rear suspension.
By the end of 230 S production in January 1968, 41,107 units had been manufactured, including chassis for special bodies and an estate version produced by IMA in Belgium and marketed as the 230 S Universal. In total, between 1959 and 1968, 344,751 saloons and chassis of the Mercedes Benz W 111 and W 112 series were produced at the Sindelfingen plant, solidifying their place as icons of automotive engineering and design.
Conclusion
The Mercedes Benz W 111 series, with its iconic “fintail” design and pioneering safety features, remains a significant chapter in Mercedes-Benz history. From the entry-level 220 b to the luxurious 300 SE long-wheelbase, the W 111 family showcased a blend of style, innovation, and engineering excellence that continues to captivate classic car enthusiasts and collectors worldwide. Its impact on automotive safety standards and design trends is undeniable, ensuring its lasting legacy in the automotive world.
