While Mercedes-Benz cemented its reputation for safety and engineering excellence with the W116 S-Class in the 1970s, it was the subsequent W126 generation, launched in 1979, that truly elevated the S-Class to a symbol of aspirational luxury and enduring status throughout the 1980s. The 1990 Mercedes-Benz 420SEL, positioned near the end of this remarkable generation’s run, stands as a prime example of this evolution, embodying the refinements and advancements that made the W126 a benchmark in the automotive world.
The W126 S-Class marked a significant shift towards aerodynamic efficiency and improved fuel economy. Its streamlined design boasted a 14 percent reduction in drag compared to its predecessor, and with a weight starting around 3,600 pounds, the 1990 420SEL was relatively efficient for its class, especially when considering the large American sedans of the era. Safety remained a paramount concern for Mercedes-Benz, and the W126 continued to lead in occupant protection. A driver-side airbag was a feature throughout most of its production, and by 1990, a passenger-side airbag became standard, underscoring Mercedes-Benz’s commitment to passenger safety. Furthermore, innovations like traction control and seat-belt pretensioners were introduced during the W126’s lifespan, features that were cutting-edge for the time and are now commonplace in modern vehicles.
For the American market, the W126 S-Class can be broadly categorized into two periods: 1979-1985 and 1986-1991. The initial phase saw models like the 380SE/SEL and 500SEL, both equipped with V-8 engines. However, a comprehensive mid-cycle refresh in 1986 brought about significant changes, and the U.S. lineup expanded to include the 300SE/SEL (inline-six), the 420SEL, and the top-of-the-line 560SEL (V-8). The 1990 Mercedes-Benz 420SEL benefited directly from this update, offering a compelling blend of performance and luxury. While earlier 380 and even some early 420 models suffered from performance constraints due to emissions regulations, the post-1986 420SEL delivered a more satisfying driving experience, often feeling nearly as brisk as the 300 models in U.S. specification.
Diesel engines were also a crucial part of the W126 story, and while the 1990 model year didn’t feature a diesel 420SEL specifically (diesel options were the 350SD and 350SDL), the diesel variants of the W126 contributed significantly to the model’s overall sales and reputation for longevity.
The mid-cycle refresh that so significantly shaped the 1990 Mercedes-Benz 420SEL also brought noticeable cosmetic and interior enhancements. The updated models, including the 1990 420SEL, were distinguished by their modern flush-face halogen headlamps with integrated wipers. Inside, the 1990 420SEL boasted electronic automatic climate control, an electronically adjustable steering column, and refined leather trim on the steering wheel and shift lever. Heated front seats, standard on the 560SEL and 560SEC, were available as an option on the 420SEL and other models. For the ultimate in rear passenger comfort, a two-place rear seating configuration with power-adjustable seats was offered on the 500SEL and 560SEL, featuring a luxurious burl-walnut center console and plush Arametta suede-like leather upholstery – features that underscored the luxury pedigree of the entire W126 range, and by extension, the 1990 420SEL.
Mechanically, the W126 powertrains, including the engine in the 1990 420SEL, are renowned for their robustness and longevity, often exceeding 200,000 miles with proper maintenance. While the engines are typically more durable than the transmissions, routine maintenance items like front-end and steering bushings will require replacement over time. While general repairs are comparable in labor intensity to other European cars of the era, parts costs can be a factor in ownership. Common W126 quirks include vacuum-operated power locks that can be prone to intermittent issues and a climate control system that, while advanced for its time, may not match the effectiveness of contemporary systems and can be complex to repair.
The diesel engines of the W126 family, although not directly relevant to the gasoline 1990 420SEL, are known for even greater mileage potential than their gasoline counterparts. However, some fuel system issues can arise in colder climates or with infrequent use. It’s worth noting that the 350SD and SDL models, while available around the 1990 timeframe, have a less stellar reputation compared to other W126 diesels due to potential engine issues.
The W126 S-Class, in general, became an icon of the U.S. gray market import phenomenon of the 1980s. Models like the 500SE and 500SEL, considered top-tier in the lineup from 1985 to 1991, were not officially sold in the U.S. with their full European specification. This led to dealerships and individuals importing approximately 22,000 W126 vehicles to meet American demand for higher-spec luxury Mercedes-Benz cars. While the 1990 Mercedes-Benz 420SEL was officially available in the U.S., the gray market context highlights the desirability and prestige associated with the entire W126 range during its era.
The 1990 Mercedes-Benz 420SEL represents the culmination of the W126 S-Class evolution. It embodies the luxury, safety, and engineering prowess that made the W126 a defining car of the 1980s and continues to hold appeal for enthusiasts and collectors seeking a classic Mercedes-Benz sedan with enduring style and robust engineering.
